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09.10.2015 | 11:14 AM

D2 disruption in cultured human glial cells by polybrominated biphenyl ethers. PMID: 26004626

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are endocrine disruptors and suspected neurodevelopmental toxicants. While the direct mechanisms of neurodevelopmental toxicity have not been fully elucidated, it is conceivable that alterations in thyroid hormone levels in the developing brain may contribute to these effects. Cells within the brain locally convert thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active […]

14.08.2015 | 5:01 PM

Skeletal muscle has D2, but only half is in the myocytes. PMID: 26214036

The type 2 deiodinase (D2) activates the prohormone T4 to T3. D2 is expressed in skeletal muscle (SKM) and its global inactivation (GLOB-D2KO mice) reportedly leads to skeletal muscle hypothyroidism and impaired differentiation. Here, floxed Dio2 mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the myosin light chain 1f (cre-MLC) to disrupt D2 expression in […]

17.01.2015 | 10:34 PM

D2 gene polymorphism affects the brain: not all hypothyroid patients are the same. PMID: 25569702

For decades, successful treatments have been developed and applied for an array of maladies of the thyroid. Hypothyroidism, in particular, is a very common disease that in the US alone affects more than 8 million people. Treatment modalities evolved during the 20th century and the great news is that the majority of the patients does […]

09.01.2015 | 12:24 PM

Polymorphism in Dio2 gene leaves a genetic fingerprint in the human brain. PMID: 25569702

Context: A common polymorphism in the gene encoding the activating deiodinase (Thr92Ala-D2) is known to be associated with quality of life in millions of patients with hypothyroidism and with several organ-specific conditions. This polymorphism results in a single amino acid change within the D2 molecule where its susceptibility to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation is regulated. […]

04.12.2014 | 10:33 AM

Differences in hypothalamic D2 ubiquitination explain localized sensitivity to T4. PMID: 25555216

The current treatment for patients with hypothyroidism is levothyroxine (L-T4) along with normalization of serum thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH). However, normalization of serum TSH with L-T4 monotherapy results in relatively low serum 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and high serum thyroxine/T3 (T4/T3) ratio. In the hypothalamus-pituitary dyad as well as the rest of the brain, the majority of […]

13.11.2014 | 11:20 AM

Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism prepared by the American Thyroid Association task force on thyroid hormone replacement.

Jacqueline Jonklaas, Antonio C. Bianco, Andrew J. Bauer, Kenneth D. Burman, Anne R. Cappola, Francesco S. Celi, David S. Cooper, Brian W. Kim, Robin P. Peeters, M. Sara Rosenthal, and Anna M. Sawka THYROID 24 (12), 2014 Abstract Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may shed light on whysome […]

24.07.2014 | 9:48 AM

2014 European Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children.

John Lazarus, Rosalind S. Brown, Chantal Daumerie, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Roberto Negro, Bijay Vaidya Eur Thyroid J 2014; 3:76–94 Abstract: This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid Association guideline committee. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined as a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the preg- nancy-related reference range with […]

03.07.2014 | 9:45 AM

Defending plasma T3 is a biological priority. PMID: 25040645

Triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone is produced predominantly outside the thyroid parenchyma secondary to peripheral tissue deiodination of thyroxine (T4), with less than 20% being secreted directly from the thyroid. In healthy individuals, plasma T3 is regulated by the negative feedback loop of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and by homeostatic changes in deiodinase […]

20.06.2014 | 11:35 AM

Thyroid hormone signaling in energy homeostasis. PMID: 24697152

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a significant rolein diverse processes related to growth, development, differentiation, and metabolism. TH signaling modulates energy expenditure through both central and peripheral pathways. At the cellular level, the TH exerts its effects after concerted mechanisms facilitate binding to the TH receptor. In the hypothalamus, signals from a range of metabolic […]

05.06.2014 | 11:13 AM

Maternal inheritance of Dio3 gene Allele affects mouse b-cells. PMID: 24885572

Dio3 is the most distal gene of the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 gene locus and is expressed according to parental origin. Dio3 encodes the type 3 deiodinase (D3), a thioredoxin-fold like containing selenoenzyme that inactivates thyroid hormone and dampens thyroid hormone signaling. Here we used heterozygous animals with disruption of the Dio3 gene to study the allelic […]