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20.03.2022 | 12:43 PM

Brain fog in hypothyroidism: understanding the patient’s perspective. PMID: 34890786

Patient-centered studies have shown that several patients on thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism exhibit persistent symptoms, including “brain fog.” In this study, we aimed to determine which of these specific symptoms are associated with brain fog, identify patient-reported factors that modify these symptoms, and identify patient concerns related to brain fog not included in […]

29.06.2021 | 6:33 PM

Hypothyroid patients are more likely to be on statins

Context: Treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) that normalizes serum thyrotropin (TSH) is expected to restore lipid metabolism. Objective: To assess statin utilization in LT4-treated patients through an observational drug utilization study. Methods: Three sites were involved: (1) 10 723 outpatients placed on LT4 during 2006-2019 identified from the Clinical Research Data Warehouse of the University of […]

10.09.2020 | 4:35 PM

Human type 1 Iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) mutations cause abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism

Background: Iodothyronine deiodinase-1 (D1) selenoenzyme regulates the systemic supply of active thyroid hormone. A transient decrease in D1 enzymatic activity is clinically relevant and adaptive in non-thyroidal illness such as fasting or acute illness. However, DIO1 gene defects have not been reported in humans. Methods: Genetic analysis was performed using whole-exome sequencing in members of two unrelated […]

07.08.2019 | 9:39 AM

Paradigms of Dynamic Control of Thyroid Hormone Signaling. PMID 31033998

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on the cell type, can be activated (i.e., T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (i.e., T3 to 3,3′-diiodo-l-thyronine or T4 to reverse T3 conversion). These reactions are catalyzed by the deiodinases. The biologically active hormone, T3, eventually binds to intracellular TH receptors (TRs), TRα […]

14.11.2018 | 1:54 PM

Persistently high cholesterol in hypothyroid patients treated with levothyroxine. PMID: 30124904

High blood cholesterol might be a sign of hypothyroidism. Indeed, patients with hypothyroidism typically have elevated cholesterol levels because thyroid hormone regulates cholesterol metabolism. Treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine promptly reduces blood cholesterol, but does it return to normal levels? It has been assumed for years that normalization of TSH levels with levothyroxine also normalizes […]

04.11.2018 | 1:26 PM

Induction of Dio2 After Status Epilepticus Modifies Hippocampal Gene Expression in Mice. PMID: 29905787

Status epilepticus (SE) is an abnormally prolonged seizure that results from either a failure of mechanisms that terminate seizures or from initiating mechanisms that inherently lead to prolonged seizures. Here we report that mice experiencing a 3 hours of SE caused by pilocarpine exhibit a rapid increase in expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase gene […]

03.11.2018 | 6:06 PM

Thyroid Hormone Status During L-T4 Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PMID: 30124904

Importance: The standard of care for overt hypothyroidism is levothyroxine at doses that normalize serum TSH levels. This approach may not universally restore thyroid hormone signaling as patients have increased serum thyroxine-to-triiodothyronine ratios and may report residual symptoms. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of studies of overt, primary hypothyroidism in which participants were treated […]

24.10.2018 | 4:47 AM

Genetic flaw causes problems for many with hypothyroidism. PMID: 30352046

Most patients who suffer from hypothyroidism respond favorably to treatment with levothyroxine. However, about 15% of the patients remain symptomatic despite taking the medication. In a study using mice, investigators found compelling evidence that the problem could be in a deiodinase gene polymorphism. This genetic flaw alters a key enzyme that activates T4 to T3. […]

23.10.2018 | 7:36 PM

A deiodinase polymorphism causes ER-stress and hypothyroidism in the brain. PMID: 30352046

Levothyroxine (L-T4) is a form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism. In the brain, T4 is converted to the active form T3 by the type 2 deiodinase (D2). Thus, it is intriguing that carriers of the Thr92Ala polymorphism in the D2 gene (DIO2) exhibited clinical improvement when liothyronine (L-T3) was added to L-T4 therapy. […]

12.10.2018 | 9:43 PM

Metal Coordinated Liothyronine Tested in Rats for Hypothyroidism. PMID: 30301431

Liothyronine (LT3) has limited short-term clinical applications, all of which aim at suppressing thyrotropin (TSH) secretion. A more controversial application is chronic administration along with levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Long-term treatment with LT3 is complicated by its unique pharmacokinetics that result in a substantial triiodothyronine (T3) peak in the blood three to four hours after oral […]