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10.03.2012 | 10:00 AM

Deiodinases are expressed in cancer cells and tissues. PMID: 22675319

Deiodinases constitute a group of thioredoxin fold-containing selenoenzymes that play an important function in thyroid hormone homeostasis and control of thyroid hormone action. There are three known deiodinases: D1 and D2 activate the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to T3, the most active form of thyroid hormone, while D3 inactivates thyroid hormone and terminates T3 action. A […]

09.11.2011 | 10:52 AM

Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features. PMID: 21852149

Epicardial adipose tissue is an unusual visceral fat depot with anatomical and functional contiguity to the myo- cardium and coronary arteries. Under physiological con- ditions, epicardial adipose tissue displays biochemical, mechanical and thermogenic cardioprotective proper- ties. Under pathological circumstances, epicardial fat can locally affect the heart and coronary arteries through vasocrine or paracrine secretion of […]

16.10.2011 | 1:36 PM

Type 2 deiodinase at the crossroads of thyroid hormone action. PMID: 21679772

Thyroid hormone action can be customized on a cell-specific fashion through the controlled action of the deiodinase group of enzymes, which are homodimeric thioredoxin fold containing selenoproteins. Whereas the type II deiodinase (D2) initiates thyroid hormone signaling by activating the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active T3 molecule, the type III deiodinase (D3) terminates […]

15.09.2011 | 10:00 AM

Cracking the metabolic code for TH signaling. PMID: 21712363

Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 deiodinase […]

09.09.2011 | 11:09 AM

Cracking the Metabolic Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling.

Abstract Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 […]

27.06.2011 | 2:18 PM

Minireview: Cracking the Metabolic Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling.

Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 deiodinase […]

17.06.2011 | 10:15 AM

Thyroid Hormone and the Neuroglia: Both Source and Target.

Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system. In order to bind to its nuclear receptor and regulate gene transcription thyroxine needs to be activated in the brain. This activation occurs via conversion of thyroxine to T3, which is catalyzed by the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in […]

27.03.2011 | 2:27 PM

Crossing the Hurdles of Thyroid Hormone Receptor – Activation.

Thyroid hormone acts in virtually every biological sys- tem in vertebrates by controlling the expression of dif- ferent sets of genes. To achieve this, thyroid hormone inter- acts with two receptors (TR), TR and TR , located in the nucleus of its target cells, which turn gene transcription on or off and thus mediate the […]

09.05.2009 | 2:00 PM

For Some, L-Thyroxine Replacement Might Not Be Enough: A Genetic Rationale.

Although the thyroid gland secretes a very small amount of active thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine or T ), the major circulating form is thyroxine (T4), and it is widely accepted that thyroid hormone replacement in patients with hypothyroid- ism can be fully accomplished with L-T4 monotherapy [see 1995 American Thyroid Association guidelines (Ref. 1)]. The mech- […]

29.12.2008 | 10:00 AM

Deiodinases and thyroid hormone action.

The iodothyronine deiodinases initiate or terminate thyroid hormone action and therefore are critical for the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormone. Over the years, research has focused on their role in preserving serum levels of the biologically active molecule T3 during iodine deficiency. More recently, a fascinating new role of these enzymes has been unveiled. […]