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17.11.2013 | 5:35 PM

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypothyroidism.

Gabriela Brenta, Mario Vaisman, José Augusto Sgarbi, Liliana Maria Bergoglio, Nathalia Carvalho de Andrada, Pedro Pineda Bravo, Ana Maria Orlandi, Hans Graf, on behalf of the Task Force on Hypothyroidism of the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 2013;57/4 Abstract Introduction: Hypothyroidism has long been known for its effects on different organ […]

13.11.2013 | 9:51 AM

Genetically engineered “hyperthyroid” heart is protected against cardiac injury. PMID: 23861374

The cardiovascular system is very sensitive to thyroid hormone and patients with hyperthyroidism may experience symptoms including palpitations and changes in blood pressure. The human heart contains an enzyme that activates circulating thyroid hormone, called D2, but this enzyme is not present in adult rodent hearts. Is this an advantage or disadvantage for humans? Does […]

10.11.2013 | 11:00 PM

Recent lectures: download PDF files for educational use.

2014 – Chicago IL – Rush University Medical Center, Medical Grand Rounds | Defending serum T3 is a biological priority 2014 – Chicago IL – Rush University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism | Customization of thyroid hormone signalingthrough deiodination 2013 – Miami FL – Curso Intensivo | The year in Thyroid 2013 – […]

06.11.2013 | 10:14 PM

T4 restores myelination and clinical recovery after brain hemorrhage. PMID: 24174657

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a major cause of white matter injury in preterm infants with no viable therapeutic strategy to restore myelination. Maturation of oligodendrocytes and myelination is influenced by thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, which is mediated by TH receptor α (TRα) and TRβ. In the brain, cellular levels of TH are regulated by deiodinases, […]

06.11.2013 | 5:52 PM

Is levothyroxine therapy enough for all hypothyroid patients?

The thyroid gland produces two iodine-containing hormones, T4 and T3, but much more T4 is produced than T3 on a daily basis. T4 is considered poorly active, even inactive by some, whereas T3 has the most activity due to its ability to concentrate inside the cells and activate the thyroid hormone receptors. When measured in […]

28.10.2013 | 11:19 PM

D2 is retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm and proteasomes via p97/Atx3 complex. PMID: 24196352

The type II iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is a type I endoplasmic-reticulum (ER)-resident thioredoxin fold-containing selenoprotein that activates thyroid hormone. D2 is inactivated by ERassociated ubiquitination and can be reactivated by two USP-class D2-interacting deubiquitinases (DUBs). Here, we used D2-expressing cell models to define that D2 ubiquitination (UbD2) occurs via K48-linked ubiquitin chains and that exposure […]

24.10.2013 | 8:45 PM

Thyroid hormone, brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis. PMID: 24622373

The presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adults has become increasingly well defined as a result of functional imaging studies of thermogenically active BAT. Findings from these studies have created a surge of scientific interest in BAT, because it represents a potential therapeutic target for obesity—a condition with profound health consequences and few successful […]

16.07.2013 | 10:00 AM

Cardiac expression of D2 decreases mortality caused by cardiotoxic drug. PMID: 23861374

Altered glucose metabolism in heart is an important characteristic of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Since thyroid hormones have major effects on peripheral metabolism, we examined the metabolic effects of heart-selective increase in 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine (T3) using transgenic mice expressing human type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain (MHC) promoter (MHC-D2). […]

23.05.2013 | 10:36 PM

The thyroid axis is wired to preserve and defend circulating T3.

Triiodothyronine (T3) is the active form of thyroid hormone. Most T3 is produced outside the thyroid gland via deiodination of T4, with less than 20% being secreted directly from the thyroid. It is estimated that healthy adults produce about 30 ug T3/day, of which about 5 ug are secreted directly from the thyroid and the […]

23.05.2013 | 8:27 PM

Local thyroid hormone activation plays critical metabolic role.

Thyroid hormone acts in virtually all tissues accelerating the rate of energy expenditure and production of heat. The importance of thyroid hormone in temperature regulation is illustrated by the fact that hypothyroid patients frequently exhibit cold intolerance and, in some cases, can also experience hypothermia. In small rodents (and perhaps humans as well) this is […]