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16.10.2011 | 11:17 PM

D3 is expressed in β-cells; regulates insulin secretion. PMID: 21828183

Type II deiodinase (D2) activates thyroid hormone by converting thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3). This allows plasma T4 to signal a negative feedback loop that inhibits production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary. To determine the relative contributions of these D2 pathways in the feedback […]

16.10.2011 | 1:36 PM

Type 2 deiodinase at the crossroads of thyroid hormone action. PMID: 21679772

Thyroid hormone action can be customized on a cell-specific fashion through the controlled action of the deiodinase group of enzymes, which are homodimeric thioredoxin fold containing selenoproteins. Whereas the type II deiodinase (D2) initiates thyroid hormone signaling by activating the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active T3 molecule, the type III deiodinase (D3) terminates […]

20.09.2011 | 10:23 AM

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Decreases Intracellular Thyroid Hormone Activation via an eIF2a-Mediated Decrease in Type 2 Deiodinase Synthesis. PMID: 22053000

Cells respond rapidly to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by blocking protein translation, increas- ing protein folding capacity, and accelerating degradation of unfolded proteins via ubiquitina- tion and ER-associated degradation pathways. The ER resident type 2 deiodinase (D2) is normally ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome, a pathway that is accelerated by enzyme catalysis of T4 […]

16.09.2011 | 11:22 PM

T3-thermogenesis depends on ambient temperature. PMID: 21771890

Thyroid hormone accelerates energy expenditure (EE) and is critical for cold-induced thermogenesis. To define the metabolic role played by thyroidhormonein the dissipation of calories from diet, hypothyroid mice were studied for 60 d in a comprehensive lab animal monitoring system. Hypothyroidism decreased caloric intake and body fat while down-regulating genes in the skeletal muscle but […]

15.09.2011 | 10:00 AM

Cracking the metabolic code for TH signaling. PMID: 21712363

Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 deiodinase […]

09.09.2011 | 11:09 AM

Cracking the Metabolic Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling.

Abstract Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 […]

27.06.2011 | 2:18 PM

Minireview: Cracking the Metabolic Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling.

Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 deiodinase […]

17.06.2011 | 10:15 AM

Thyroid Hormone and the Neuroglia: Both Source and Target.

Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system. In order to bind to its nuclear receptor and regulate gene transcription thyroxine needs to be activated in the brain. This activation occurs via conversion of thyroxine to T3, which is catalyzed by the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in […]

27.05.2011 | 2:19 PM

The Thyroid Hormone-Inactivating Type III Deiodinase Is Expressed in Mouse and Human – Cells and Its Targeted Inactivation Impairs Insulin Secretion.

Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. Thyroid hormone gains access to the intracellular environment via membrane transporters, and while diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone signaling is modified via the action of the deiodinases. Although the type 2 deiodinase […]

28.04.2011 | 12:02 PM

Wnt signaling regulates mitochondrial physiology and insulin sensitivity.

Mitochondria serve a critical role in physiology and disease. The genetic basis of mitochondrial regulation in mammalian cells has not yet been detailed. We performed a large-scale RNAi screen to systematically identify genes that affect mitochondrial abundance and function. This screen revealed previously unrecognized roles for >150 proteins in mitochondrial regulation. We report that increased […]